Key Citations:
1. Karoly LA. Early Childhood Interventions: Proven Results, Future Promise. RAND Corporation, 2005.
2. McKey, Ruth Hubbell. "The Impact of Head Start on Children, Families and Communities. Final Report of the Head Start Evaluation, Synthesis and Utilization Project." (1985).
3. Schweinhart L, Montie J, 2004. The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study to Age 40. High/Scope Educational Research Foundation. High/Scope Educational Research Foundation. Accessed on December 21, 2012: http://www.highscope.org/Content.asp?ContentId=219.
4. http://nieer.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/YB20200520Exec20Summary.pdf.
Stretch versions: Preschool enrollment could be obtained from local public school systems instead of the ACS if the jurisdiction offers universal pre-K programs. The Promise Neighborhood Indicators Guidebook provides guidance on collecting a measure of participation in early learning programs through a community survey. If there is a reliable child care quality rating system in the community, a stronger indicator could be the percent of three or four year olds enrolled in a high-quality early education program.